Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla omoya

Umoya ngumthombo wamandla omtsha onamandla amakhulu.Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo, umoya onamandla wavuthuza kulo lonke elaseBritani naseFransi watshabalalisa amaziko omoya angama-400, izindlu ezingama-800, iicawa ezili-100 kunye neenqanawa ezingaphezu kwama-400.Amawaka abantu enzakala, yaye imithi emikhulu engama-250 000 yancothulwa.Ngokuphathelele ukutsala imithi, umoya unokukhupha amandla amahashe ali-10 lezigidi (oko kukuthi, iikilowatts zezigidi ezisisi-7,5; ihashe elinye lilingana ne-0,75 kilowatts) ngemizuzwana embalwa!Omnye umntu uqikelele ukuba imithombo yomoya ekhoyo yokuvelisa amandla emhlabeni imalunga Kukho i-10 billion kilowatts, phantse amaxesha ali-10 ombane owenziwe ngamanzi omhlaba.Amandla afunyanwa ngokutshisa amalahle minyaka le ehlabathini sisinye kwisithathu samandla abonelelwa ngamandla omoya ngonyaka.Ngoko ke, omabini amazwe angaphakathi nangaphandle abona ukubaluleka okukhulu ekusebenziseni amandla omoya ukuvelisa umbane kunye nokuphuhlisa imithombo yamandla emitsha.

Iinzame zokusebenzisa amandla omoya zaqala kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.Ngeminyaka yoo-1930, iDenmark, iSweden, iSoviet Union kunye ne-United States zaphuhlisa ngempumelelo izixhobo ezincinci zokuvelisa amandla omoya kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe berotor obusuka kushishino lwenqwelomoya.Olu hlobo lwe-injini yomoya encinci lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiziqithi ezinomoya kunye needolophana ezikude.Ixabiso lombane elifumanayo lingaphantsi kakhulu kunelo lenjini encinci yokutsha yangaphakathi.Nangona kunjalo, ukuveliswa kwamandla ngelo xesha kwakuphantsi, ubukhulu becala ngaphantsi kwe-5 kilowatts.

Kuyaqondwa ukuba iiinjini zomoya eziyi-15, 40, 45, 100, kunye ne-225 kilowatts ziveliswe ngaphandle.NgoJanuwari 1978, iUnited States yakha i-200-kilowatt turbine yomoya eClayton, eNew Mexico, eneblade ububanzi obuziimitha ezingama-38 kwaye ivelisa umbane owaneleyo kumakhaya angama-60.Ekuqaleni kwehlobo lowe-1978, iziko lamandla omoya laqalisa ukusebenza kunxweme olukwintshona yeJutland, eDenmark, linamandla okuvelisa iikilowathi ezingama-2 000.Umatshini womoya uziimitha ezingama-57 ukuphakama.I-75% yokuveliswa kombane ithunyelwa kwigridi, ize enye isetyenziswe sisikolo esikufutshane..

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sowe-1979, iUnited States yakha owona moya mkhulu ehlabathini wokuvelisa umbane kwiiNtaba zeBlue Ridge kuMntla Carolina.Le windmill inemigangatho elishumi ukuphakama kwaye iintsimbi zayo ezinobubanzi obuziimitha ezingama-60;ii-blades zifakwe kwisakhiwo esime njengenqaba, ngoko i-windmill inokujikeleza ngokukhululekileyo kwaye ifumane umbane kuyo nayiphi na indlela;xa isantya somoya singaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-38 ngeyure, amandla okuvelisa amandla nawo Ukuya kuma-2000 kilowatts.Ekubeni umyinge wesantya somoya kulo mmandla usezintabeni uziikhilomitha ezingama-29 kuphela ngeyure, zonke ii-windmills azikwazi ukuhamba.Kuqikelelwa ukuba nangona iqhuba kuphela isiqingatha sonyaka, inokuhlangabezana ne-1% ukuya kwi-2% yeemfuno zombane kwiingingqi ezisixhenxe eNorth Carolina.