IiNdaba zoThungelwano lwaMandla omoya: Inyathelo le-“Belt and Road” lifumene iimpendulo ezincomekayo kumazwe asecaleni kwendlela.Njengomvelisi omkhulu wehlabathi kunye nomthengi wamandla ahlaziyekayo, i-China iya ngokuya ithatha inxaxheba kwintsebenziswano yamandla omoya wamazwe ngamazwe.
Iinkampani zamandla omoya zaseTshayina zithathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nentsebenziswano, zakhuthaza amashishini anenzuzo ukuba aye kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye aqonda lonke ikhonkco lokuthumela ngaphandle kushishino lwamandla omoya ukusuka kutyalo-mali, ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo, ukusebenza kunye neenkonzo zokulondolozwa ukuya kwimisebenzi iyonke, kwaye bazuze iziphumo ezilungileyo. .
Kodwa kufuneka kwakhona sibone ukuba ngokunyuka kweeprojekthi zamandla omoya ngamazwe ngamazwe ziinkampani zaseTshayina, imingcipheko enxulumene namaxabiso otshintshiselwano, imithetho kunye nemimiselo, imivuzo, kunye nezopolitiko ziya kuhamba nazo.Indlela yokufunda ngcono, ukubamba, kunye nokuphepha le mingcipheko kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko engeyomfuneko kubaluleke kakhulu kumashishini asekhaya ukuphucula ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Eli phepha liqhuba ucazululo lomngcipheko kunye nolawulo lomngcipheko ngokufunda iprojekthi yaseMzantsi Afrika ethi iNkampani A ityale imali ekuthengiseni izixhobo zokuqhuba, kwaye iphakamisa iingcebiso zolawulo lomngcipheko kunye nolawulo loshishino lwamandla omoya kwinkqubo yokuya kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye izama ukwenza igalelo elincomekayo uphuhliso olusempilweni noluzinzileyo lweshishini lamandla omoya eTshayina elisebenza kumazwe ngamazwe.
1. Iimodeli nemingcipheko yeeprojekthi zamandla omoya zamazwe ngamazwe
(1) Ulwakhiwo lweefama zomoya zamazwe ngamazwe ikakhulu kwamkela imo ye-EPC
Iiprojekthi zamandla omoya zamazwe ngamazwe zineendlela ezininzi, ezifana nendlela apho "uyilo-ulwakhiwo" lunikezelwa kwinkampani enye ukuze iphunyezwe;omnye umzekelo yimowudi "ye-EPC yobunjineli", ebandakanya ukontraka kuninzi lokubonisana noyilo, ukuthengwa kwezixhobo, kunye nokwakha ngaxeshanye;kunye Ngokombono womjikelo wobomi beprojekthi, uyilo, ulwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kweprojekthi kunikezelwa kwikontraka ukuze iphunyezwe.
Ukudibanisa iimpawu zeeprojekthi zamandla omoya, iiprojekthi zamandla omoya zamazwe ngamazwe zamkela imodeli yekontraka jikelele ye-EPC, oko kukuthi, ikontraka ibonelela umnini ngeseti epheleleyo yeenkonzo eziquka ukuyila, ukwakhiwa, ukuthengwa kwezixhobo, ufakelo kunye nogunyaziso, ukugqitywa, igridi yorhwebo. -ukuvelisa amandla aqhagamshelweyo, kunye nokunikezelwa de kube sekupheleni kwexesha lewaranti.Kule ndlela, umnini uqhuba kuphela ulawulo oluthe ngqo kunye nolawulo olukhulu lweprojekthi, kwaye ikontraki ithatha uxanduva olukhulu kunye nobungozi.
Ulwakhiwo lwefama yomoya yeprojekthi yeNkampani A eMzantsi Afrika yamkela imodeli yekontraka jikelele ye-EPC.
(2) Imingcipheko yeekontraka jikelele ze-EPC
Ngenxa yokuba iiprojekthi zekhontrakthi zangaphandle zibandakanya imingcipheko efana nemeko yezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho zelizwe apho iprojekthi ikhoyo, imigaqo-nkqubo, imithetho kunye nemimiselo enxulumene nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, inkunzi kunye nezabasebenzi, kunye namanyathelo okulawula utshintshiselwano lwangaphandle, kwaye banokudibana nendawo engaqhelekanga kunye iimeko zemozulu, kunye nobuchwepheshe ezahlukeneyo.Iimfuno kunye nemimiselo, kunye nobudlelwane kunye namasebe karhulumente wasekhaya kunye neminye imiba, ngoko ke imingcipheko inoluhlu olubanzi, olunokuthi lwahlulwe ikakhulu kwiingozi zezopolitiko, iingozi zezoqoqosho, iingozi zobugcisa, iingozi zezoshishino kunye nobudlelwane boluntu, kunye neengozi zolawulo. .
1. Umngcipheko wezopolitiko
Imvelaphi yezopolitiko yelizwe elingazinzanga kunye nommandla apho imarike yekontraka ikhoyo inokubangela ilahleko enkulu kumakhi.Iprojekthi yoMzantsi Afrika iqinise uphando kunye nophando kwinqanaba lokwenziwa kwezigqibo: uMzantsi Afrika unobudlelwane obuhle namazwe angabamelwane, kwaye akukho bungozi bufihlakeleyo kukhuseleko lwangaphandle;Urhwebo phakathi kwe-China noMzantsi Afrika lukhule ngokukhawuleza, kwaye izivumelwano ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko zilungile.Nangona kunjalo, umba wokhuseleko loluntu eMzantsi Afrika ngumngcipheko obalulekileyo wezopolitiko ojongene neprojekthi.I-EPC jikelele ikontraki iqeshe inani elikhulu labasebenzi kwinkqubo yokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi, kwaye ukhuseleko lomntu kunye nepropathi yabasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi bolawulo basongelwa, okufuneka kuthathwe ngokungathí sina.
Ukongeza, imingcipheko ye-geopolitical enokubakho, iingxabano zezopolitiko, kunye notshintsho lolawulo luya kuchaphazela ukuqhubeka kwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwezivumelwano.Iingxwabangxwaba zobuhlanga nezonqulo zabeka iingozi ezifihlakeleyo kukhuseleko lwabasebenzi esizeni.
2. Imingcipheko yezoqoqosho
Umngcipheko wezoqoqosho ikakhulu ubhekiselele kwimeko yezoqoqosho yekontraka, amandla oqoqosho lwelizwe apho iprojekthi ikhoyo, kunye nokukwazi ukusombulula iingxaki zezoqoqosho, ngokukodwa malunga nentlawulo.Iquka iinkalo eziliqela: ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, umngcipheko wotshintshiselwano lwamazwe angaphandle, ukhuseleko, ucalucalulo lwerhafu, ukungakwazi ukuhlawula kakubi kwabanini, kunye nokulibaziseka kwentlawulo.
Kwiprojekthi yaseMzantsi Afrika, ixabiso lombane lifumaneka ngokwerandi njengemali yokuhlawula, kwaye inkcitho yokuthengwa kwezixhobo zokusebenza kwiprojekthi ihlawulwe ngeedola zaseMelika.Kukho umngcipheko wotshintshiselwano oluthile.Ilahleko ebangelwe kukuguquguquka kwexabiso lotshintshiselwano inokudlula ngokulula ingeniso yotyalo-mali lweprojekthi.Iprojekthi yaseMzantsi Afrika iphumelele umjikelo wesithathu wokubhida iiprojekthi zamaphulo ombane amatsha ngurhulumente woMzantsi Afrika ngokubhida.Ngenxa yokhuphiswano oluqatha lwexabiso, inkqubo yokulungiselela isicwangciso sokubhida ekufakweni kwimveliso inde, kwaye kukho umngcipheko wokulahleka kwezixhobo kunye neenkonzo ze-injini yomoya.
3. Iingozi zobugcisa
Ukuquka iimeko zejoloji, iimeko zamanzi kunye nemozulu, unikezelo lwemathiriyeli, ubonelelo lwezixhobo, imiba yothutho, umngcipheko woqhagamshelo lwegridi, iinkcukacha zobugcisa, njl.njl. Owona mngcipheko mkhulu wobugcisa ojongene neeprojekthi zamandla omoya zamazwe ngamazwe ngumngcipheko woqhagamshelo lwegridi.Umthamo ofakelweyo wamandla omoya waseMzantsi Afrika odityaniswe kwiziko lombane ukhula ngokukhawuleza, ifuthe leeinjini zomoya kwinkqubo yombane liyakhula, kwaye iinkampani zothungelwano lombane ziyaqhubeka nokuphucula izikhokelo zoqhagamshelo lwegridi.Ukongeza, ukunyusa izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla omoya, iinqaba eziphakamileyo kunye neeblade ezide ziyindlela yoshishino.
Uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeinjini zomoya ezikwinqaba ephezulu kumazwe angaphandle kukwangoko, kwaye iinqaba eziphakamileyo ukusuka kwi-120 yeemitha ukuya kwi-160 yeemitha ziye zafakwa kumsebenzi worhwebo kwiibhetshi.ilizwe lam likwinqanaba lobutsha kunye nemingcipheko yobugcisa enxulumene nothotho lwemiba yobugcisa efana neqhinga lolawulo lweyunithi, uthutho, ukufakwa, kunye nokwakhiwa okunxulumene neenqaba eziphakamileyo.Ngenxa yokwanda kobukhulu bama-blades, kukho iingxaki zomonakalo okanye ama-bumps ngexesha lokuthutha kwiprojekthi, kunye nokugcinwa kwee-blades kwiiprojekthi zaphesheya kwezilwandle kuya kuzisa umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa kwamandla ombane kunye nokwanda kweendleko.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-15-2021
