IiNdaba zeNethiwekhi yaMandla omoya: I-Abstract: Eli phepha liphonononga imeko yangoku yophuhliso lokuxilongwa kwempazamo kunye nokubekwa kweliso kwezempilo kumacandelo amathathu amakhulu kwitsheyini yokuqhuba i-wind turbine drive-iiblades ezidibeneyo, iibhokisi zegiya, kunye neejenereyitha, kwaye lishwankathela ubume bophando lwangoku kunye neyona nto iphambili. imiba yale ndlela yommandla.Iimpawu eziphambili zeempazamo, iifom zeempazamo kunye nobunzima bokuxilongwa kwezinto ezintathu eziphambili zeencakuba ezidibeneyo, iibhokisi zegiya kunye neejenereyitha kwisixhobo samandla omoya zishwankathelwa, kunye nokuxilongwa okukhoyo kunye neendlela zokuhlola iMpilo, kwaye ekugqibeleni amathemba okhokelo lophuhliso lwalo mmandla.
0 Intshayelelo
Enkosi kwimfuno enkulu yehlabathi yamandla acocekileyo nahlaziyiweyo kunye nenkqubela phambili ebonakalayo kubugcisa bokwenza izixhobo zamandla omoya, isakhono esifakelweyo sehlabathi samandla omoya siyaqhubeka nokunyuka ngokuthe chu.Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwiGlobal Wind Energy Association (GWEC), ngasekupheleni kuka-2018, amandla omoya afakiweyo kwihlabathi afikelele kuma-597 GW, apho iChina yaba lilizwe lokuqala elinomthamo ofakelweyo ongaphezulu kwama-200 GW, wafikelela kuma-216 GW. , ibalwa ngaphezu kwe-36 yomthamo ofakiweyo wehlabathi jikelele.%, iyaqhubeka nokugcina indawo yayo njengamandla omoya akhokelayo kwihlabathi, kwaye lilizwe lokwenyani lamandla omoya.
Okwangoku, umba obalulekileyo othintela uphuhliso oluqhubekayo olusempilweni loshishino lwamandla omoya kukuba izixhobo zamandla omoya zifuna ixabiso eliphezulu ngeyunithi nganye yemveliso yamandla kunamafutha efosili eqhelekileyo.Ophumelele iBhaso leNobel kwiFiziksi kunye nowayesakuba nguNobhala we-US wezaMandla uZhu Diwen wabonisa ubungqongqo kunye nemfuneko yokhuseleko lokhuseleko lwezixhobo zomoya ezinkulu zomoya, kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko yimiba ebalulekileyo ekufuneka isonjululwe kulo mmandla [1] .Izixhobo zamandla omoya zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezikude okanye ezikude nonxweme ezingafikeleliyo ebantwini.Ngophuhliso lobuchwepheshe, izixhobo zamandla omoya ziyaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa kwicala lophuhliso olukhulu.Idayamitha yamaphiko amandla omoya iyaqhubeka ukwanda, okukhokelela ekwandeni komgama ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya kwi-nacelle apho kufakwe izixhobo ezibalulekileyo.Oku kuzise ubunzima obukhulu ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni kwezixhobo zamandla omoya kwaye kwanyusa iindleko zokugcinwa kweyunithi.Ngenxa yeyantlukwano phakathi kobume bobugcisa bubonke kunye neemeko zefama yomoya yezixhobo zamandla omoya kumazwe aphuhlileyo aseNtshona, iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko zezixhobo zamandla omoya e-China ziyaqhubeka ukubalela umlinganiselo ophezulu wengeniso.Kwiiinjini zomoya eziselunxwemeni eziphila ubomi benkonzo yeminyaka engama-20, iindleko zokulondolozwa Ingeniso iyonke yeefama zomoya yenza i-10% ~15%;kwiifama zomoya ezikude nonxweme, umlinganiselo uphezulu ukuya kuma-20% ~25%[2].Iindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko zamandla omoya zimiselwa ikakhulu yindlela yokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zamandla omoya.Okwangoku, iifama zomoya ezininzi zisebenzisa indlela yokugcinwa rhoqo.Ukungaphumeleli okunokwenzeka akunakufunyaniswa ngexesha, kwaye ukugcinwa okuphindaphindiweyo kwezixhobo ezichanekileyo kuya kwandisa ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa.iindleko.Ukongezelela, akunakwenzeka ukucacisa umthombo wephutha ngexesha, kwaye unokuphandwa kuphela nganye nganye ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, eziza kuzisa iindleko ezinkulu zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa.Esinye isisombululo kule ngxaki kukuphuhlisa inkqubo yokuhlola impilo yesakhiwo (SHM) yee turbines zomoya ukuthintela iingozi eziyingozi kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yeeinjini zomoya, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswa iyunithi yexabiso lemveliso yamandla omoya.Ke ngoko, kushishino lwamandla omoya Kunyanzelekile ukuphuhlisa inkqubo ye-SHM.
1. Imo yangoku yenkqubo yokuhlola izixhobo zamandla omoya
Zininzi iintlobo zezakhiwo zezixhobo zamandla omoya, ingakumbi eziquka: iiinjini zomoya ezidityanisiweyo ngokuphindwe kabini (i-variable-speed variable-pitch run wind turbines), i-direct-drive esisigxina yeeinjini zomoya ezisebenza umazibuthe ezihambelanayo, kunye ne-semi-direct-drive i-synchronous wind turbines.Xa kuthelekiswa nee turbines zomoya eziqhutywa ngokuthe ngqo, iiinjini zomoya eziphindwe kabini zeasynchronous ziquka izixhobo zesantya esiguquguqukayo sebhokisi yegiya.Ubume bayo obusisiseko bubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1. Olu hlobo lwezixhobo zamandla omoya zenza ngaphezu kwe-70% yesabelo semarike.Ke ngoko, eli nqaku ikakhulu liphonononga ukuxilongwa kwempazamo kunye nokujongwa kwempilo kolu hlobo lwezixhobo zamandla omoya.
Umfanekiso 1 Ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lweinjini yomoya etyiswe kabini
Izixhobo zamandla omoya bezisebenza imini nobusuku phantsi kwemithwalo enzima etshintshanayo efana nemimoya evuthuzayo ixesha elide.Ubume benkonzo obungqwabalala buchaphazele ngokunzulu ukhuseleko lokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zamandla omoya.Umthwalo otshintshanayo usebenza kwiibhlewudi zeinjini yomoya kwaye usasazwa ngeebheringi, iishafti, iigiya, iijenereyitha kunye namanye amacandelo kwikhonkco lothumelo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ikhonkco lothumelo lithande ukusilela kakhulu ngexesha lenkonzo.Okwangoku, inkqubo yokubeka iliso exhotyiswe ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zamandla omoya yinkqubo yeSCADA, enokubeka iliso kwimo yokusebenza yezixhobo zamandla omoya njengangoku, umbane, uqhagamshelo lwegridi kunye nezinye iimeko, kwaye inemisebenzi efana nee-alam kunye neengxelo;kodwa inkqubo ibeka iliso kwisimo Iiparamitha zilinganiselwe, ubukhulu becala izibonakaliso ezifana nangoku, i-voltage, amandla, njl.Amazwe angaphandle, ngakumbi amazwe aphuhlileyo aseNtshona, kudala aphuhlisa izixhobo zokujonga imeko kunye nesoftware yohlalutyo ngokukodwa izixhobo zamandla omoya.Nangona itekhnoloji yokuhlola intshukumo yasekhaya iqale emva kwexesha, iqhutywa ngamandla amakhulu omoya wasekhaya osebenza kude kunye nemfuno yemarike yogcino, uphuhliso lweenkqubo zokuhlola zasekhaya nalo lungene kwinqanaba lophuhliso olukhawulezayo.Ukuxilongwa kwesiphoso esikrelekrele kunye nokhuseleko lwesilumkiso kwangethuba sezixhobo zamandla omoya kunokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla omoya kunye nokugcinwa, kwaye kuzuze imvumelwano kushishino lwamandla omoya.
2. Iimpawu eziphambili zeempazamo zezixhobo zamandla omoya
Isixhobo samandla omoya yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ye-electromechanical ebandakanya ii-rotors (iincakuba, ii-hubs, ii-pitch systems, njl. njl.), ii-bearings, i-shafts eziphambili, ii-gearboxes, ii-generator, ii-towers, i-yaw systems, izinzwa, njl. njl. imithwalo etshintshanayo ngexesha lenkonzo.Njengoko ixesha lenkonzo lisanda, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomonakalo okanye ukungaphumeleli akunakuphepheka.
Umfanekiso wesi-2 Umlinganiselo weendleko zokulungisa zecandelo ngalinye lesixhobo samandla omoya
Umfanekiso wesi-3 Umlinganiselo wexesha lokuphumla wamacandelo ahlukeneyo esixhobo samandla omoya
Ingabonwa kwi-Figure 2 kunye ne-Figure 3 [6] ukuba i-downtime ebangelwa ama-blades, i-gearbox, kunye neejenereyitha zibalelwa ngaphezu kwe-87% yexesha elipheleleyo elingacwangciswanga, kunye neendleko zokulondoloza zibalwe ngaphezu kwe-3 yeendleko zokulondoloza zizonke./4.Ke ngoko, kwimeko yokubeka iliso, ukuxilongwa kwempazamo kunye nolawulo lwempilo lweeinjini zomoya, iiblades, iibhokisi zegiya, kunye neejenereyitha zizinto ezintathu eziphambili ekufuneka zihoywe.IKomiti yoBuchule baMandla omoya yoMbutho waseTshayina waMandla aVuselelekayo wachaza kuphando luka-2012 malunga nomgangatho wokusebenza kwezixhobo zamandla omoya esizwe[6] ukuba ukusilela kweentlobo zamandla omoya ziquka ukuqhekeka, ukubetha kombane, ukwaphuka, njl. izizathu zokungaphumeleli ziquka ukuyila, Ukuzimela kunye nezinto zangaphandle ngexesha lokungeniswa kunye nezigaba zenkonzo yokuvelisa, ukuvelisa, kunye nokuthutha.Umsebenzi ophambili webhokisi yegiya kukusebenzisa ngokuzinzileyo amandla omoya anesantya esisezantsi ukwenza amandla kunye nokunyusa isantya sokujikeleza.Ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-injini yomoya, i-gearbox isengozini yokusilela ngenxa yeziphumo zokutshintshana koxinzelelo kunye nomthwalo wempembelelo [7].Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kwiibhokisi zegiya ziquka iziphene zegiya kunye neempazamo zokuthwala.Iimpazamo zeGearbox ubukhulu becala zisuka kwiibheringi.Iibheringi ziyinxalenye ephambili yebhokisi yegiya, kwaye ukungaphumeleli kwazo kuhlala kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwibhokisi yegiya.Ukuthwala ukusilela ikakhulu kubandakanya ukudinwa ukuxobuka, ukunxiba, ukwaphuka, ukuncamathela, ukonakala kwekheji, njl. njl.Ezona ntsilelo zixhaphakileyo zezixhobo ziquka ukunxiba, ukudinwa komphezulu, ukwaphuka, nokuqhekeka.Iimpazamo zenkqubo yejenereyitha zohlulwe zibe ziimpazamo zeemoto kunye neempazamo zoomatshini [9].Ukungaphumeleli komatshini ikakhulu kubandakanya ukungaphumeleli kwe-rotor kunye nokungaphumeleli kokuthwala.Ukungaphumeleli kwe-rotor kubandakanya ukungalingani kwe-rotor, ukuphuka kwe-rotor, kunye nemikhono yerubha ekhululekile.Iindidi zeempazamo zeemoto zinokwahlulwa zibe ziimpazamo zombane kunye neempazamo zomatshini.Iimpazamo zombane ziquka i-short-circuit ye-rotor / stator coil, isiphaluka esivulekileyo esibangelwa yimivalo ye-rotor ephukile, i-generator overheating, njl.;Iimpazamo zoomatshini ziquka ukungcangcazela okugqithisileyo kwejenereyitha, ukuthwala ubushushu obugqithisileyo, ukonakala kwe-insulation, ukunxitywa okunzulu, njl.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-30-2021
